Albania
Capital : Tirana
Population : 2 714 617 inh.
Area : 28 750 km²
Europe brings together flags born of very different histories: some of the world's oldest monarchies, young republics that emerged from the break-up of the USSR and Yugoslavia in the 1990s, and centuries-old micro-states such as San Marino and the Vatican. Tricolour bands are widespread, many of them inherited from the French Revolution and its ideal of liberty, equality and fraternity, later adopted by numerous countries in central and eastern Europe during the 19th century.
Other motifs point to a religious or dynastic past: the Scandinavian cross, shifted towards the hoist, dates back to the Middle Ages and inspired the flags of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland. Further east, states born from the collapse of the Soviet bloc often chose to revive emblems that predated their annexation, as the Baltic countries did.
The continent now counts 46 countries, from the largest by area, Russia, to the smallest in the entire world, the Vatican, which fits within just 44 hectares. The list below sets out each of these flags, along with its capital and population.
Flags by Continent
At a glance
Countries & territories
46
Most populous country
Russia
Smallest country
Vatican City
List of the 46 countries of Europe and their flags
Andorra
Capital : Andorra la Vella
Population : 81 938 inh.
Area : 470 km²
Austria
Capital : Vienna
Population : 9 178 482 inh.
Area : 83 879 km²
Belarus
Capital : Minsk
Population : 9 133 712 inh.
Area : 207 630 km²
Belgium
Capital : Brussels
Population : 11 876 844 inh.
Area : 30 689 km²
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital : Sarajevo
Population : 3 164 253 inh.
Area : 51 210 km²
Bulgaria
Capital : Sofia
Population : 6 444 366 inh.
Area : 111 000 km²
Croatia
Capital : Zagreb
Population : 3 866 300 inh.
Area : 88 070 km²
Cyprus
Capital : Nicosia
Population : 1 358 282 inh.
Area : 9 250 km²
Czech Republic
Capital : Prague
Population : 10 882 164 inh.
Area : 78 871 km²
Denmark
Capital : Copenagen
Population : 5 976 992 inh.
Area : 42 920 km²
Estonia
Capital : Tallinn
Population : 1 371 986 inh.
Area : 45 340 km²
Finland
Capital : Helsinki
Population : 5 637 214 inh.
Area : 338 470 km²
France
Capital : Paris
Population : 68 516 699 inh.
Area : 549 087 km²
Germany
Capital : Berlin
Population : 83 510 950 inh.
Area : 357 600 km²
Greece
Capital : Athens
Population : 10 388 805 inh.
Area : 131 960 km²
Hungary
Capital : Budapest
Population : 9 562 314 inh.
Area : 93 030 km²
Iceland
Capital : Reykjavík
Population : 404 610 inh.
Area : 103 000 km²
Ireland
Capital : Dublin
Population : 5 380 257 inh.
Area : 70 280 km²
Italy
Capital : Rome
Population : 58 986 023 inh.
Area : 302 070 km²
Kosovo
Capital : Pristina
Population : 1 527 324 inh.
Area : 10 887 km²
Latvia
Capital : Riga
Population : 1 862 441 inh.
Area : 64 590 km²
Liechtenstein
Capital : Vaduz
Population : 40 197 inh.
Area : 160 km²
Lithuania
Capital : Vilnius
Population : 2 888 055 inh.
Area : 65 286 km²
Luxembourg
Capital : Luxembourg
Population : 677 717 inh.
Area : 2 590 km²
Malta
Capital : Valletta
Population : 574 346 inh.
Area : 320 km²
Moldova
Capital : Chisinau
Population : 2 389 275 inh.
Area : 33 850 km²
Monaco
Capital : Monaco
Population : 38 631 inh.
Area : 74 km²
Montenegro
Capital : Podgorica
Population : 623 831 inh.
Area : 13 810 km²
Netherlands
Capital : Amsterdam
Population : 17 994 237 inh.
Area : 41 540 km²
North Macedonia
Capital : Skopje
Population : 1 792 179 inh.
Area : 25 710 km²
Norway
Capital : Oslo
Population : 5 572 272 inh.
Area : 624 500 km²
Poland
Capital : Warsaw
Population : 36 554 707 inh.
Area : 312 720 km²
Portugal
Capital : Lisbon
Population : 10 701 636 inh.
Area : 92 230 km²
Romania
Capital : Bucharest
Population : 19 069 340 inh.
Area : 238 400 km²
Russia
Capital : Moscow
Population : 143 533 851 inh.
Area : 17 098 200 km²
San Marino
Capital : San Marino
Population : 33 977 inh.
Area : 60 km²
Serbia
Capital : Belgrade
Population : 6 587 202 inh.
Area : 84 990 km²
Slovakia
Capital : Bratislava
Population : 5 422 069 inh.
Area : 49 030 km²
Slovenia
Capital : Ljubljana
Population : 2 126 324 inh.
Area : 20 480 km²
Spain
Capital : Madrid
Population : 48 807 137 inh.
Area : 505 978 km²
Sweden
Capital : Stockholm
Population : 10 569 709 inh.
Area : 528 860 km²
Switzerland
Capital : Bern
Population : 9 034 102 inh.
Area : 41 290 km²
Ukraine
Capital : Kiev
Population : 37 860 221 inh.
Area : 603 550 km²
United Kingdom
Capital : London
Population : 69 226 000 inh.
Area : 243 610 km²
Vatican City
Capital : Vatican City
Population : 882 inh.
Area : 0 km²
🧠 Quiz – Can you identify this flag?
Frequently Asked Questions
How many countries are there in Europe?
There are 46 recognized countries in Europe.
What is the most populated country in Europe?
Russia is the most populous country in Europe, with 143,533,851 inhabitants.
What is the smallest country in Europe?
Vatican City is the smallest country in Europe, with an area of 0.44 km².